• 1. Solutions for LBS maps
  • 1.1. Portrayal of Geographic Information
  • 1.2. Selecting detail
  • 1.3. Varying scale
  • 1.4. Schematisation
  • 1.5. Changing Media
  • 1.6. Summary
  • 1.7. Glossary
  • 1.8. Bibliography
  • 1.9. Metadata

1.7. Glossary

Backus-Naur-Form:

Metasyntax used to describe formal languages. The Backus-Naur-Form defines the syntax of a programming language by using two sets of rules, lexical rules and syntactic rules.

cartesian coordinate system:

A mathematical system in which each point can be determined by a set of coordinates (depending on the number of dimensions).

clustering:

Process of grouping Points of Interest based on spatial closeness. Different techniques of clustering exist, like the k-means technique, which includes two main steps, allocate and locate.

interstices:

Space between objects. Different interstices result when a context transformation is performed. The further from the origin (in a polar coordinate system), the closer the objects are located to each other.

landmark:

Includes basically anything that is easily recognizable, such as monuments, buildings etc.. In geographic information science landmarks are assumed as being important concepts of navigation through space.

level of detail (LOD):

Changing the complexity of a geographic representation dependent on map scale and size of display.

normalization:

In case of context transformation a normalization is done by simply dividing the distance of an object to the origin by the length of the chosen radius.

origin:

The point in which every coordinate is of value 0. The origin is used in cartesian coordinate systems.

polar coordinate system:

A mathematical system in which each point can be determined by an angle and a distance.

portrayal:

A presentation of information for humans, including visual rendering, audio, tactile and other media. (please refer to chapter "Solutions for LBS maps")

portrayal of geographic information:

Techniques for presenting information that exploit one or more properties of a map to enhance its abilities for communication in particular circumstances.

Progressive Vector Transmission:

Technique that deals with the problem of viewing large volume vector datasets by progressively adding data to a model with less detail.

schematic map:

Schematic maps are simplified representations of geographic space. They accentuate specific aspects of information by omitting less useful aspects. E.g. a tube map lacks of true locations of tube stations and their distances to each other to make the most important information more salient: Which tube(s) do I need to come from where I am to where I want to go?

Text-to-Speech:

A computer engine which synthesizes text into speech.

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